首发：~第一百七十九章 光华大学
绗竴鐧句竷鍗佷節绔?nbsp; 鍏夊崕澶y
鐪嬬潃杩欏鐖跺瓙锛屾垜鏈変簺浼ゆ劅銆傛槸鐨勶紝杩欎綅鐖朵翰姝f槸涓浣嶇幇浠f剰涔変笂婧虹埍鍎垮瓙鐨勭埗浜层傝岃繖涓効瀛愶紝涔熸鏄竴浣嶇幇浠f剰涔変笂鐨勯潪涓绘祦鐨勫効瀛愩?
鐖朵翰鏄繃浜庢汉鐖憋紝鑰屽効瀛愭槸涓嶇煡鎰熸仼銆傚効瀛愮敋鑷冲湪璐锋鍑犱竾鍏冨悗锛屼笉浠呮病鏈変笣姣倲杩囷紝鍙嶈屼粛鏃ф槸涓鍓績楂樻皵鍌茬殑鏍峰瓙銆傝岃繖涓埗浜诧紝涔熶笉浠呮病鏈夊幓鏁欒鑷繁瀛╁瓙锛屾病鏈夋粬鐨勮嚜鎺y姏宸紝鍙嶈屽嵈鏄ㄨ佸笀銆佹ㄥ鏍＄殑鍗冧竾鐧捐鐨勪负鑷繁鐨勫瀛愬紑鑴便傛槸鐨勶紝鏈夎繖鏍风殑鐖朵翰锛屽鏋滀笉鍑虹幇杩欐牱鐨勫効瀛愶紝閭f墠鏄湡鐨勫鎬?
鍑轰簡闂涓嶅啀鑷繁韬笂鎵惧師鍥狅紝閭d箞姘歌繙鏄壘涓嶅埌鍘熷洜鐨勩傚鏋滃彧浼氫粠鍒汉韬笂鎵惧師鍥狅紝閭d箞灏卞彧浼氱户缁幓鐘敊銆傛槸鐨勶紝鍦扮悆涓嶆槸鍥寸粫鐫涓涓汉鍘昏浆銆傝杩欎簺涓嶆槸涓哄鏍″紑鑴憋紝鐩戠涓嶄弗鐨勭‘鏄湁鐫瀛︽牎鐨勮矗浠伙紝浣嗘槸鏇村鐨勮矗浠诲嵈渚濇棫鍦ㄨ嚜韬傚洜涓哄鏍￠偅涔堝瀛︾敓锛屼负浠涔堝氨浣犺儗涓婁簡澶栧哄憿锛熻繖涓師鍥犲幓鎯虫兂锛屼笉绠c槸浣犳槸涓轰簡浠涔堝幓璐锋锛岀粓褰掍篃鏄綘绉佽嚜璐锋浜嗐?
鑰岃繖涓闀夸笉鏁欒瀛╁瓙锛屽弽鑰屽煁鎬ㄥ鏍″拰绀句細锛岃繖鏍风殑鏁欒偛锛屼及璁¤繖涓瀛愯偗瀹氳繕浼氱姱閿欍傚洜涓轰粬浼氳寰楁病閽变簡灏卞幓璐锋锛屽弽姝h嚜宸辫繕涓嶄簡灏辫鐖朵翰鍘昏繕銆傝嚦浜庣埗浜叉槸涔版埧涔熷ソ锛屽熼挶涔熷ソ锛岀湅鏍峰瓙浠栨槸涓濇涓嶅叧蹇冪殑銆?
濡傛鐨勪竴瀵圭埗瀛愶紝鐨勭‘鏄鎴戜笉鐭ュ浣曡璧蜂簡銆傛垜鍙兘澶熺浉淇紝杩欎釜瀛╁瓙涓嶄細鍐嶇姱鍚屾牱鐨勯敊璇簡銆傚ぇ瀛﹀ぇ瀛︺備负浠涔堜粬娌c湁鍦ㄥぇ瀛︿箣涓鍒颁竴鐐逛负浜哄拰涓轰汉瀛愬コ鐨勬湰浜嬪憿銆備粬绌剁珶锛屾噦涓嶆噦浠涔堟槸璐d换鍛紵
鐜板湪鐨勫ぇ瀛﹂兘鏁欎簡浠涔堬紝鎴戠湡鐨勪笉鐭ラ亾锛屽洜涓烘垜鏈澶y銆備絾濡傛灉鎵鏈夊ぇ瀛﹂兘鍩瑰吇鍑轰簡杩欐牱鐨勫瀛愶紝鍗充娇浠栫殑涓撲笟鎶鑳藉湪寮猴紝鎴戜篃浼氳杩欎笉鏄竴涓悎鏍肩殑澶y銆傚ぇ瀛︼紝搴旇鍦ㄤ簬浜猴紝鑰屼笉鍦ㄤ簬鎶鑳姐傜旱鐒舵湁鍐嶅ソ鐨勬妧鑳斤紝涓嶇煡鍋氫汉锛屼篃涓嶈繃鏄ぞ浼氱殑姣掔槫銆?
鈥滃皧鏁殑鏃呭鏈嬪弸浠綘浠ソ锛屽垪杞﹀墠寰鍒扮珯鏄瓟閮藉崡绔欙紝璇峰悇浣嶆湅鍙嬫敹鎷惧ソ鎮ㄧ殑琛屾潕鐗╁搧锛屽噯澶囦笅杞︺傗?
鐏溅绔欑殑骞挎挱澹板搷浜嗚捣鏉ワ紝鎴戠湅鍒颁簡杩欎綅鐖朵翰绔欒捣鏉ユ敹鎷句笢瑗裤備粬绮楃硻鐨勬墜涓婃弧鏄佽導鍜岃绾癸紝鎴戠煡閬撹繖浣嶄竴浣嶅啘姘戞垨鑰呭伐浜虹殑璇淬?
浠栫┛鐫涓韬共鍑鍗磋繃鏃剁殑绮楀竷琛f湇锛岃繖琛f湇鐪嬩笂鍘诲簲璇ユ槸鏈夊勾澶翠簡銆傚湪杩欎釜骞翠唬浜嗭紝浠栬繕绌跨潃涓鍙岄粍鑳堕瀷銆傛垜涓嶇煡閬撳ぇ瀹舵湁娌c湁瑙佽繃锛屽氨鏄偅绉嶈佸紡鐨勯粍鑳堕瀷銆傛仼锛屾垨璁告槸浜屼笁鍗佸勾鍓嶆祦琛岀殑娆惧紡鍚c?
鑰屽弽瑙備粬鐨勫効瀛愶紝浠栫殑鍎垮瓙鍙嶆埓鐫涓涓鐞冨附锛屾鐞冨附涓嬫槸鏌撴垚浜嗛粍鑹茬殑澶村彂銆備粬鐨勫効瀛愮┛鐫涓韬壒姝ュ搧鐗岀殑浼戦棽鏈嶏紝鑴氫笅韫殑闉嬪瓙涔熸槸涓鍙岄樋杩揪鏂殑杩愬姩闉嬨傝劯涓婂拰鎵嬩笂鍒欐槸娌瑰厜绮夐潰鍜岀粏鐨鑲夛紝浠庝粬鐨勮韩涓婏紝鎴戜技涔庣湅涓嶅嚭涓涓濅竴姣殑鍐滄皯瀛愬紵鐨勬湸绱犱箣姘斻?
杩欐牱涓瀵圭埗瀛愶紝鍦ㄨ溅鍘3殑浜烘祦涔嬩腑锛屾槸閭d箞鐨勬樉鐪硷紝鏈寸礌鐨勭埗浜插拰娼祦鐨勫効瀛愶紝杩欐垨璁革紝渚夸唬琛ㄤ簡涓や釜涓嶅悓鐨勫勾浠e惂銆?
浠庣敓鐞嗕笂璇达紝鎴戝拰浠栫殑鍎垮瓙鐩稿樊鏃犲嚑锛屾槸灞炰簬骞磋交浜恒備絾鏄粠蹇冮噷涓婃潵璇达紝鎴戝嵈鍜屼粬涓鏍凤紝鏄睘浜庡嚑鍗佸勾鍓嶇殑鑰佸彜钁c?
鐏溅鍒扮珯浜嗭紝 榄旈兘鏄ぇ绔欙紝鐏溅涓婄殑娓稿浠熀鏈兘鏄湪榄旈兘涓嬭溅銆傛垜涔熺珯浜嗚捣鏉ワ紝鑳屼笂浜嗚儗鍖咃紝璺熷湪浜嗕笅杞︾殑浜虹兢涔嬩腑銆?
閭d竴瀵圭埗瀛愯姣旀垜鍏堜笅杞︼紝绛夋垜涓嬭溅鍚庝究鍙兘澶熻繙杩滅殑鐪嬭浠栦滑鐨勮韩褰变簡銆傛垜鍙鍒颁簡涓浣嶆彁鐫澶y寘灏忓寘琛屾潕鐨勭埗浜诧紝鑰屼粬鐨勮韩鍓嶏紝鍒欐槸涓浣嶇敓鏃犻噸鐗殑杞绘澗鐨勫効瀛愩?
鍙逛簡涓鍙f皵锛岃繖鏍风殑鍎垮瓙锛屾垨璁稿苟涓嶅彧鏈夎繖涓浣嶅惂锛?
绂诲紑浜嗛瓟閮界伀杞︾珯鍚庯紝涔樺潗鍦伴搧锛屾垜鍒拌揪浜嗕粖澶╄灞呬綇鐨勬梾搴椼傝繖鏄竴瀹跺揩鎹峰棣嗭紝鎴戜粠缃戜笂璁4喘杩欏瀹鹃锛屽彧鑺变簡浜斿崄鍏冭屽凡銆?
杩涘叆瀹鹃锛屽紑濂芥埧闂村叆浣忥紝鎴戠湅浜嗕竴涓嬫椂闂达紝杩樻棭銆傜幇鍦ㄥ睘浜庡澶╀簡锛屽鏃ョ殑榄旈兘澶╅粦鏃堕棿搴旇鍦ㄤ竷鐐瑰锛岃繖杩樻湁浜屼釜澶氬皬鏃舵墠澶╅粦锛屾垜骞朵笉鎯冲氨杩欐牱鍦ㄥ棣嗕箣涓氮璐硅繖瀹濊吹鐨勬椂闂淬?
鎴戞煡浜嗕竴涓嬪湴鍥撅紝鎴戦檮杩戞渶鏈夊悕鐨勬櫙鐐逛究鏄瓟閮界殑鍏夊崕澶y浜嗐備簬鏄箮锛屾垜鍐冲畾鍘昏繖涓厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︾湅涓鐪嬨?
鈥滄垜鍑嗗鍘绘梺杈圭殑鍏夊崕澶y鐪嬩竴鐪嬶紝浣犲幓鍚楋紵鈥濇垜闂悜鍧愬湪搴婁笂鐨勫コ楝硷紝鍦ㄦ垜涓杩涘叆瀹鹃鍚庯紝濂逛究浠庤儗鍖呬箣涓窇浜嗗嚭鏉ャ?
鈥滃厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︼紵鈥濆コ楝艰閬擄細鈥滆繖涓鏍c垜娲荤潃鐨勬椂鍊欏幓杩囷紝浣犳槸鍘婚偗閮告牎鍖哄悧锛熲?
鈥滄仼锛屽湴鍥句笂鏄閭兏鏍″尯銆傗濇垜鐪嬩簡涓涓嬪湴鍥撅紝瀵圭潃濂抽璇撮亾锛氣滃畠鏈夊ソ鍑犱釜鏍″尯锛屼粈涔堟睙婀俱佹灚鏋楋紝涓嶈繃璺濈杩欓噷鏈杩戠殑渚挎槸閭兏鏍″尯浜嗐傗?
鈥滈偅浣犲幓鍚э紝鎴戝幓杩囦簡锛屼笉鎯冲湪鍘讳簡銆傗濆コ楝艰閬擄細鈥滆浣犲湪鑳屽寘閲屾唻浜嗕竴澶紝鎴戞兂浼戞伅浼氥傗?
鈥滈偅濂斤紝鎴戝氨璧颁簡銆傗?
鍚埌浜嗗コ楝艰繖涔堣鍚庯紝鎴戜究甯︾潃閽卞寘鍜屾墜鏈虹寮浜嗚繖瀹跺棣嗐傚嚭闂ㄤ箻鍧愬叕浜よ溅锛屾垜鍚戠潃鍏夊崕澶y璧跺幓銆傚厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︽槸榄旈兘鏄湁鍚嶇殑鍑犳墍澶y涔嬩竴锛屽叾瀹冭兘澶熷拰鍏夊崕澶y浜夐攱鐨勶紝涔熷氨鍙湁榄旈兘浜ら氬ぇ瀛︿互鍙婇瓟閮藉ぇ瀛﹀拰榄旈兘甯堣寖澶y浜嗐傚敂锛岃繕鏈変竴鎵鍏辨祹澶y涔熸槸寰堟湁鍚嶆皵銆?
鍏夊崕澶y鐨勬牎鍚嶈繕鏄鏈夊巻鍙插唴娑碉紝鎹鏄簮鑷簬銆婂皻涔︺嬶紝鍏跺皻涔︿箣涓湁鐫涓鍙モ樻棩鏈堝厜鍗庯紝澶嶅叜鏃﹀叜锛涚殑璇濄傚厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︾殑鏍″悕锛屼篃姝f槸婧愯嚜浜庤繖鍙ヨ瘽銆?
鍏夊崕澶y鐨勫缓鏍c椂闂存槸鍦?905骞达紝涔熷氨鏄竻鏈濈殑鍏夌华骞撮棿銆備粬鐨勫墠韬槸濂変袱姹熸荤潱鐨勫懡浠ゅ缓绛戠殑鏂板紡瀛﹀爞锛屽垱鍔炰汉鏄繎浠f湁鍚嶇殑瀛﹁呴┈鐩镐集銆傚湪1912骞存竻鏈濈伃浜c皯鍥藉缓绔嬪悗锛屽厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︾殑棣栦换鏍¤懀渚挎槸杩戜唬鐨勪紵澶ч潻鍛藉瀛欐枃瀛欏厛鐢熴?
鏈夊悕鐨勬斂娌诲銆佸鑰呫佷功娉曞浜庡彸浠诲厛鐢熶篃鏇惧湪鍏夊崕澶y浠绘暀銆傚湪鎶楁垬涓紝榄旈兘娌﹂櫡锛屽厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︾殑鏁欐巿鍜屽鑰呬究鍜岀嚂浜ぇ瀛︺侀噾闄靛ぇ瀛︾瓑楂樻牎鐨勫鑰呬滑涓璧风粍鎴愪簡瑗垮崡鑱斿ぇ锛屽湪绁栧浗鐨勮タ鍗楀湴鍖哄潥鎸佷笉鎳堢殑鍩瑰吇鐫浜烘墠锛屽厜鍗庡ぇ瀛﹀煿鍏诲嚭浜嗕竴鎵硅繎浠g殑鏈夊悕瀛﹁咃紝浠栦滑涓鸿繎浠f濇兂鍚挋鍜屾皯鏃忓鍏村仛鍑轰簡绐佸嚭鐨勮础鐚?
鍦ㄦ柊涓浗鎴愮珛鍚庯紝鍏夊崕澶y渚挎垚涓轰簡棣栨壒鐨?85鍜?11宸ョ鐨勫悕鏍°傚浠婂湪鍏ㄥ浗鐨勯珮鏍c帓琛屾涓婏紝鍏夊崕澶y鍚嶅垪鍓嶈寘銆傚湪涓栫晫楂樻牎鎺掕姒滀笂锛屼篃鏄墠鍑犲崄鍚嶃?
涓嶇煡澶y鏈夋病鏈夌湅杩?9骞村嚭鐨勭數瑙嗗墽銆婃垜鐨勫洟闀挎垜鐨勫洟銆嬶紝鍦ㄨ繖閮ㄧ數瑙嗗墽涔嬩腑锛屾湁鐫涓涓孩鑹茬殑灏忎功铏傝繖涓孩鑹茬殑灏忎功铏鏄敱鍖楀钩鑰屽埌浜嗘粐瑗裤備粬鍜屼粬鐨勫悓瀛︿笌鑰佸笀浠紝鑳岀潃鍑犲崄鏂ら噸鐨勪功锛屼竴姝ユ浠庡寳骞宠蛋鍒颁簡婊囪タ銆備粬浠法瓒婁簡鏁翠釜涓浗锛岀敤鐦﹂宥欏硧鐨勮韩浣撳拰鏂楀織鏄傛壃鐨勭簿绁炪傚拰鍗2矡妗ヤ簨鍙樺悗浠庡啗鐨勭儲鍟︿笉鍚岋紝浠栦滑渚濇棫鍦ㄦ眰瀛︺?
鑰岃繖浜涗汉涔嬩腑灏辨湁鐫鍏夊崕澶y鐨勫瀛愬拰鏁欐巿锛屼粬浠篃姝f槸鑳岀潃鏁翠釜瀛︽牎鐨勫浘涔﹂锛岀敱榄旈兘涓姝ユ鐨勮蛋鍒颁簡婊囪タ銆?
濡傛灉瑕侀棶涓浗鏈濂界殑澶y鏄摢涓鎵锛屾垜浼氳偗瀹氱殑璇达紝瑗垮崡鑱斿ぇ銆?
鎴戝缁堣鐫鐑﹀暒璇寸殑閭e彞璇濓紝杩欎簺鐪嬬潃鐢氳嚦澶氳蛋涓姝ュ氨浼氶鍊掓憯姝荤殑瀛︾敓浠儗鐫鏁翠釜瀛︽牎鍜屽伐鍘傝縼绉讳簡澶y崐涓腑鍥姐備粬浠儚鐫涓嶇煡鐤插︾殑铓傝殎涓鏍凤紝鑳岀潃娌夐噸鐨勭伯椋熴傚叾瀹炰粬浠儗鐫鐨勪笉鏄功涔熶笉鏄満鍣紝鍥犱负浠栦滑鑳岀潃鐨勬槸鏈潵锛屾槸绁栧浗鍜屾皯鏃忕殑鏈潵銆?
鎵涚潃鏋殑鍐涗汉浠儗璐熺殑鏄幇鍦紝鑰屼粬浠垯鑳岃礋鐫鏈潵銆傝繛涓椤块ケ楗兘娌c湁鍚冭繃鐨勪粬浠紝鑳岃礋鐫姘戞棌鐨勬湭鏉ャ?
杩戜唬鏈夊悕鐨勫鑰咃紝闄堝瘏鎭侀檲鍨c佹璐荤惁銆佹柟涓滅編銆佺墴瀹椾笁銆佸惔鏅椼佽儭閫備箣銆佽敗鍏冨煿绛夌瓑锛岄兘鏇惧湪瑗垮崡鑱斿ぇ浠绘暀銆?
鎴戝鍏夊崕澶y濮嬬粓鏈夌潃娣辨繁鐨勬暚鎰忥紝瀹冩尳鏁戠殑锛屾槸涓涓嵆灏嗗捐鐨勬皯鏃忋?
杩涘叆浜嗗厜鍗庡ぇ瀛﹀悗锛屾垜棣栧厛瑙佸埌鐨勪究鏄幇鍦ㄩタ绾4壊鏍￠棬浜嗐傛牎闂ㄤ笂鏈夌潃鍥涗釜澶y瓧锛屽洓涓瓧渚挎鏄樺厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︹欎簡銆?
鍦ㄦ牎闂ㄥ彛鏈夌潃绔嬫绔欏矖鐨勪繚瀹夛紝淇濆畨寰堢儹鎯呯殑涓烘潵鍙傝鐨勬父瀹2寚鏄庣潃鏂瑰悜銆?
杩涘叆浜嗗厜鍗庡ぇ瀛﹀悗锛屾垜杩涘叆浜嗕竴鏃佺殑鐕曞洯涔嬩腑锛屽洯鏋椾箣涓潚绔瑰菇婧紝鍗佸垎鐨勫畨闈欍備篃鏄紝鍦ㄨ繖鏍风殑鐜涔嬩腑璇讳功瀛︿範锛岀殑纭槸鍗佸垎浜彈鐨勪簨鎯呫?
鐜板湪搴旀槸瀛︾敓閮藉湪涓婅锛屾墍浠ユ垜骞舵病鏈夎鍒板緢澶氬鐢熺殑銆傛鍒诲嚭娌″湪鏍″洯涔嬩腑锛屼篃閮芥槸鍍忔垜涓鏍风殑娓稿銆傛垨璁镐粬浠篃鍚戞垜涓鏍凤紝缇c厱杩欏厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︾殑瀛﹀瓙鍚э紵
鍦ㄧ嚂鍥箣涓紝鎴戣鍒颁簡鏍￠挓銆傚拰鐕曞ぇ涓庡崡寮鐨勬牎閽熶竴鏍凤紝姝ゅ埢鐨勬牎閽熶篃闈欓潤鑰哥珛鐫锛屼换鐢辩潃娓镐汉鐨勮鎽傛槸鐨勶紝鏍￠挓锛岃繖鏄暣涓牎鍥箣涓渶鑳戒綋鐜板鏍″巻鍙插簳钑寸殑涓澶勯鏅簡銆?
鏍￠挓鍚嶄负鈥樹笘绾挓鈥欙紝姝e鍚屽畠鐨勫悕瀛楋紝瀹冪湡瀹炵殑璁板綍浜嗕竴涓笘绾傚拰鍙楀埌鏃ュ瘒鎴樼伀鐨勫崡澶ф牎閽熶笉涓鏍凤紝杩欎釜鍏夊崕澶y鐨勬牎閽熶繚瀛樼殑鏄緢瀹屽ソ銆?
缁曡繃浜嗘牎閽熷悗锛屾垜鍦ㄥ線鍓嶈蛋锛屽墠闈究鏄厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︾殑鑰佹牎闂ㄤ簡銆傝繖涓佹牎闂ㄦ槸鏈ㄨ川鐨勶紝涓婇潰鏈夌潃鍑犱釜鍙ゆ湸鐨勨樺厜鍗庡ぇ瀛︹欑殑闅朵功銆?
鍜屽垰鎵嶇殑鐨勬牎闂ㄦ瘮璧锋潵锛岃繖涓牎闂ㄧ殑纭槸鏇存湁鍘嗗彶鍐呮兜銆?
缁曡繃浜嗘牎闂ㄥ悗锛屾垜缁x画鍚戝墠璧板幓锛屾垜娓歌鐫鍏夊崕澶y鐨勭編鏅?
